Carbohydrates are those substances that contain a carbon atom, an hydrogen atom, and a…

Carbohydrates are those substances that contain a carbon atom, an hydrogen atom, and a oxygen atom in the ratio of 1:2:1 and are present in food. These organic compounds act as a source of energy for the body. For ages, people have been consuming carbohydrate-rich foods. The carbohydrates present in food are consumable and called dietary carbohydrates. Dietary carbohydrates are those that can be metabolically transformed directly into glucose. Chemically, the carbohydrates may be defined as optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones or the compounds which produce such units on hydrolysis. Carbohydrates are generally optically active because they have one or more chiral carbon atoms. Some of the sweet carbohydrates are also called sugars. The most common sugar used in our homes is sucrose, whereas the sugar present in milk is lactose.
Carbohydrates break down into which of the following substances?